HTTPS, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, is a secure version of the HTTP protocol used for secure communication over a computer network. It provides a secure connection between a user's web browser and the server hosting the website they are visiting. This is achieved through the use of encryption and authentication mechanisms that help protect the integrity and confidentiality of the data being transmitted.

Compared to HTTP, HTTPS addresses several key deficiencies that make it a more secure choice for transmitting sensitive information over the internet. Some of the key improvements that HTTPS provides over HTTP include:

1. Data Encryption:

One of the most significant enhancements provided by HTTPS is the use of encryption to protect data transmitted between the user's browser and the web server. This encryption helps prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information such as login credentials, credit card numbers, and personal details. By using cryptographic protocols such as SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or its successor, TLS (Transport Layer Security), HTTPS ensures that data is encrypted before being transmitted and decrypted only by the intended recipient.

2. Data Integrity:

HTTPS also addresses the issue of data integrity by using cryptographic algorithms to ensure that the data being transmitted remains unchanged during transit. This helps prevent unauthorized modification of the data by malicious actors, thereby maintaining the trustworthiness of the information being exchanged between the user and the server.

3. Authentication:

Another important enhancement provided by HTTPS is the use of digital certificates to authenticate the identity of the website being accessed. These digital certificates are issued by trusted third-party entities known as Certificate Authorities (CAs) and help verify that the website being accessed is indeed operated by the entity it claims to represent. This helps prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and ensures that users are interacting with legitimate websites.

4. Trust and Confidence:

By addressing these deficiencies, HTTPS helps build trust and confidence among users by providing a secure and reliable environment for conducting online transactions and sharing sensitive information. This is particularly important for e-commerce websites, online banking platforms, and any other websites that handle sensitive user data.

In conclusion, HTTPS represents a significant improvement over HTTP by addressing key deficiencies related to data security, integrity, and authentication. By encrypting data, ensuring its integrity, and authenticating the identity of websites, HTTPS provides a more secure and trustworthy environment for users to interact with websites and transmit sensitive information over the internet. As such, it has become the standard for secure communication on the web and is essential for maintaining a safe and secure online experience.