Web scraping is a technique used to extract large amounts of data from websites, and it can be a valuable tool when it comes to analyzing social media platforms such as Facebook. However, it's important to note that before scraping any data from a website, you must ensure you're respecting user privacy and adhering to the site's Terms of Service. Facebook’s data policy does not allow you to scrape its website even if it’s for public information; doing so can lead to legal actions.

That being said, you can utilize Facebook's Graph API to extract data for analysis. The Graph API is the primary way to get data in and out of Facebook's social graph, a representation of the information on Facebook.

Step 1: Create a Facebook Developer Account

To interact with Facebook's Graph API, you'll first need to create a Facebook Developer account. You can do this by visiting the Facebook for Developers website and following the prompts to register.

Step 2: Create an App

Once you've created your developer account, you'll need to create an App. This is the platform through which you'll interact with the API. On the Facebook for Developers dashboard, click on 'My Apps' and then 'Create App'. Follow the prompts to set up your app.

Step 3: Obtain an Access Token

To use the Graph API, you'll need an access token, which is a string that identifies a user, app, or page. It can be used by the app to make graph API calls. Navigate to the 'Tools & Support' section and select the 'Graph API Explorer'. Here, you can get an access token.

Step 4: Explore the Graph API

Now, with your access token, you can start exploring the Graph API. You can use the Graph API Explorer to make requests and see the kind of data you can pull for analysis. For example, you might pull data on user demographics, likes, comments, shares, and more.

Step 5: Write Your Code

Now that you have a sense of what kind of data you can access, you can start writing your code. Depending on your preferred programming language, there are several libraries available to interact with the Graph API, such as facebook-sdk for Python or facebook-node-sdk for Node.js.

Remember to keep user privacy and data protection in mind at all times. Data scraped should be anonymized and stored securely, and never used for malicious purposes.

Step 6: Analyze Your Data

Once you've gathered your data, you can analyze it to glean insights. This might involve statistical analysis, data visualization, machine learning, or any other data analysis techniques you prefer.

By using Facebook's Graph API to gather and analyze data, you can gain valuable insights that can help inform your social media strategy, understand user behavior, or conduct academic research. Always remember to respect user privacy and follow all relevant laws and policies when working with data.